As opposed to traditional panel-based measurement methodologies which extrapolate, this approach couples machine learning with massive quantities of data to measure detailed audience data in real-time [..]

Measurement practices in which the events measured are the same as those about which conclusions will be drawn. See Indirect measurement.

Measures that require the student to demonstrate his/her knowledge and skills in response to the instrument. Examples of direct measurement include 1) achievement tests such as objective tests; 2) student academic work such as essays, presentations, portfolios, and course assignments; 3) observations or case studies.